Turkey
Archived page of the 2021 seindex.org. Published 4 October 2021.
Country Profile
Turkey is a transcontinental country, with a presidential system that was adopted by referendum in 2017. Turkey an upper-middle-income country. The country rapidly urbanized, maintained strong macroeconomic and fiscal policy frameworks, opened to foreign trade and finance, harmonized many laws and regulations with European Union (EU) standards, and greatly expanded access to public services.
Social entrepreneurship is still a developing field. There has been a noticeable increase in academic interest in relation to social entrepreneurs and social enterprises in Turkey over recent years. The lack of regulation, funding, capacities and awareness continue to hinder its development.
Country Facts and Figures [TUR]
| Indicator | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| Population | 84.339.067 | WB, 2020 |
| Human Development Index | 0.806 | HDI, 2021 |
| GDP (current US$) (billions) | 720.101 | WB, 2020 |
| GDP growth | 1.8 | WB, 2020 |
| GNI per capita, PPP ($) | 27.780 | WB, 2020 |
| Foreign direct investment, net inflows (BoP, current US$) (millions) | 9,266 | WB, 2019 |
| Domestic credit provided by financial sector (% of GDP) | 98.3 | WB, 2020 |
| Tax revenue (% of GDP) | 16.5 | World Bank, 2019 |
| Unemployment rate | 13.1 | WB, 2020 |
| Unemployment rate (male) | 12.3 | WB, 2020 |
| Unemployment rate (female) | 14.8 | WB, 2020 |
| Unemployment rate (youth 15-24 years) | 25.1 | WB, 2020 |
| Employment rate (male) | 5.9 | WB, 2019 |
| Employment rate (female) | 1.5 | WB, 2019 |
| Average monthly net wage (EUR) | 3,577.5 | Trading Economics, 2021 |
| Poverty rate | 14.4 | WB, 2020 |
| Households with internet access (%) | 91 | Statista, 2020 |
Sources:
Human Development Index 2021
World Bank 2019 & 2020
Trading Economics, 2021
Statista, 2020
More Info and Sources
- British Council, Turkey. [2019]. ‘The State of Social Enterprise in Turkey’.
- European Commission. [2019]. Social enterprises and their ecosystems in Europe. Country fiche
- Kahraman, N. 2019. Starting a Social Enterprise in Turkey with its Ups and Downs
- İNCİ, B. [2016]. Social Entrepreneurship in Turkey: A Content Analysis Assessing Ashoka Fellows
- Third Sector Foundation of Turkey [projects]
- Turkey Social Entrepreneurship Network
- British Council. [2019]. Turkey’s social enterprises have “exciting potential”